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Director’s Domain

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September 26, 2024
Whether they call it "growth," "scaling," or "hitting the numbers," most boards are looking to help companies size up. So, it's worth noting that the "bigger is better" motto faces some serious headwinds from the Justice Dept, which in recent years has brought antitrust cases against many of the largest companies in the U.S. This week, the government opened a suit against Visa, accusing it of running a debit card monopoly that has allegedly cost American consumers and businesses billions of dollars. Antitrust suits have been opened against Google, Apple, Amazon, and plenty of others as the government seeks to ensure competition in industries whose dominant players have for some time had the resources to buy or outmaneuver most rivals. Downstream impacts on the industries involved and on future acquisitions could prove significant. Meanwhile, some big transitions announced this week include the sudden departures of CEO John Donahoe from Nike and several Open AI execs including CTO Mira Murati as the firm announces its intentions to become for-profit, while filmmaker James Cameron joins the board of directors at Stability AI, an artificial intelligence firm focused on computer-generated imagery (CGI) and video production. Cameron's arrival on the corporate stage comes 40 years after his iconic film The Terminator portrayed the existential threats posed by rogue artificial intelligence and comes at a critical juncture for the entertainment industry (and all business) as it grapples with a new wave of AI-related issues concerning everything from copyright and originality to ethics and workforce upheaval.
June 06, 2024
A recent cyber breach at UnitedHealth Group, affecting more than 150 million patient records and estimated to cost the company more than $1 billion, is the latest crisis to shine a light on a critical area of board oversight: cybersecurity. The UHG CEO was called to Congress, and Senator Ron Wyden suggested that the CEO and board were ultimately accountable for the breach, having entrusted the company’s highly sensitive information to a CISO he deemed “unqualified” for the job. The takeaway: From Congress to shareholders, there are rising expectations for boards to have sufficient expertise and pay appropriate attention to cyber issues, given the potential for significant harm. So, how do boards ensure they are embracing all of their responsibilities, while still leaning forward to prepare for the future and making valuable strategic contributions? Find out when you download the new Boardspan report: The Governance Curve™. In other news: Former board members and employees warn of a reckless race to the top at OpenAI and voice concern that the company is prioritizing success over safety, the DOJ and FTC move forward with antitrust investigations into the biggest AI players, ISS and Tesla board try to sway shareholders ahead of June 13 vote on Elon Musk’s $48 billion pay package, and a survey of C-suiters finds a perceived gap in the ability of boards to pivot and adapt to the rapidly evolving strategic challenges and business risks companies face today.
December 14, 2023
While public company boards routinely encounter activist investors pressuring them to reset priorities and rethink their composition, this week sees familiar activist playbooks deployed on a whole new set of targets: elite universities. Billionaire hedge fund manager Bill Ackman, Apollo Global Management CEO Marc Rowan, and others are targeting the governing boards of some of the best known private universities in the US, seeking to influence decisions about institutional leadership and governance, as university leaders are scrutinized for their handling of antisemitism on college campuses. Under such pressure, the board of trustees at University of Pennsylvania apparently experienced a fracture before realigning and accepting the resignations of both its president and board chair. Harvard’s governing board has so far rejected the activists’ demands and backed its president. Apollo’s Rowan, meanwhile, continues to press the Penn board of trustees, asking it to consider whether it has the right structure and processes in place to govern the university. Regardless of whether more leaders succumb to activist efforts, it seems likely that universities will give greater consideration to their governance models and processes as they learn, just as corporate boards have, how to deal with activists. In other news, Boeing gets serious about succession planning; boards focus on AI; executive compensation is increasingly tied to ESG gains; directors expect more board turnover in 2024; board members experience burnout; and the new year looks like a good time for boards to address needed composition changes.
August 17, 2023
Last week, the Wall Street Journal reported that the 
first lawsuits against companies for their diversity initiatives were hitting the courts. What would be the outcome? This week, we got an answer.  A federal court dismissed a lawsuit claiming that Starbucks set unlawful minority hiring goals and vendor incentives. The dismissal does not bode well for other, similar legal challenges where activists are attempting to roll back company policies designed to increase diversity in the workforce. At the same time, nearly half of employees surveyed in a recent Harris Poll say that ESG initiatives in the workplace lack sincerity. Both of these things are reminders that even as companies win in court against activists, the board still needs to keep their eyes open to the reality of ESG in their organizations. In other news, is “Founder Syndrome” a problem, and are boards the solution?; How independent directors bring an unbiased perspective to the boardroom; and 2023 proxy filings shed some light on 4 key trends in board compensation.
December 01, 2022
CEO succession planning is hard. Just ask Disney. Or Salesforce. Or Boardspan’s Board Performance Assessment Benchmarks, which show that across the many public, private, and nonprofit clients we serve, Management Succession Planning is the 
biggest challenge facing boards this year. Observers are beginning to ask how the Disney board can justify its costly about-face on supporting CEO Bob Chapek. The media reminds us that with the exit of Bret Taylor, Salesforce CEO Marc Benioff has now outlasted two hand chosen co-CEOs. Interestingly, a new study shows that companies whose boards have an executive chair, a role often filled by the former CEO, are significantly more profitable than those who don’t keep their former leaders close. Clearly the real magic comes when boards figure out how to get the valuable strategic input from a former leader, without overshadowing the newer executive.
September 27, 2018
The era of accountability. Just about everywhere you look, cultural shifts and demands for greater corporate responsibility are remaking boards and rewriting governance standards. The CBS board, still reeling from the forced departure of CEO and chairman Les Moonves amid sexual harassment allegations, learns its lead independent and one other director are stepping down unexpectedly, even as the company names a new interim chairman. Shareholders again attack Mark Zuckerberg’s dual role as CEO and chairman of Facebook in the wake of the overnight resignation of Instagram’s CEO and CTO. The board of gun maker American Outdoor Brands, having lost its battle against a shareholder proposal, is required to produce a safety report. Michigan State University’s board of trustees is the focus of protests by students and others concerned that the trustees did not do enough to protect students from former sports team doctor and convicted sexual abuser Larry Nasser. In other news, the Merck board tears up its age-limit policy to keep CEO Kenneth Frazier on as CEO. England’s Labour Party would require workers representatives on all boards. A study of shareholder activism in the U.K. shows that companies with more female directors are less likely to be targeted. And a U.S. law firm suggests that given the increased public attention paid to sexual harassment, corporate culture, gender pay gaps, and diversity, boards should see it's time to be proactive not reactive on these issues. Hear, hear.
March 15, 2018
It’s hardly news that CEO salaries have grown handsomely in recent years. Still, with new SEC rules requiring companies to explicitly state the difference between the chief executive and median worker salaries, outsize salaries are turning heads, as media outlets point fingers at company after company stating sizable pay differentials. Our first thought: Armed with all this data, it wouldn’t be surprising to see shareholders take aim at big pay packages. Indeed, Disney shareholders this week voted for the first time ever against a proposed pay plan for CEO Bob Iger. In other news, Goldman Sachs makes public its succession plan for the top job. The SEC charges Theranos CEO Elizabeth Holmes with committing massive fraud and separately charges a former Equifax executive with insider trading based on his early knowledge of the firm’s cyberbreach. The Wynn Resorts board is sued by the State of Oregon and two directors signal their departures. On another subject: For those curious about director liability in light of recent cases of corporate misconduct, we found timely insights in this post by two legal scholars at Berkeley Law. It is a synopsis of their paper, The Hidden Power of Compliance, which examines “four mega scandals: the General Motors ignition switch failure, the Washington Mutual collapse during the financial crisis, the security breach in Yahoo, and Wells Fargo’s fake accounts fiasco. While legal and compliance personnel are at the heart of the inquiry in all cases, their interaction with the board in each setting is different, changing the liability outcome.”
February 22, 2018
The fallout from alleged sexual misconduct rattles corporate America and increases pressure on boards again this week. Ford executive Raj Nair admits to inappropriate behavior and steps down. Guess Inc. cofounder and chairman Paul Marciano takes a leave amid allegations of sexual harassment. Thomas Schumacher, the leader of Disney’s theatrical division, whose production of “Frozen” opens on Broadway today is accused of lewd behavior. The board of Wynn Resorts announces that former CEO Steve Wynn is not eligible for a reported severance package of $330 million. And a lawsuit against the Weinstein Co. prompts the board to fire the COO and complicates a potential sale of the company that had promised to remake the board as a woman-only entity. These cases and the many others that have arisen in recent months have cost corporate America money, share price, employees, and reputations, and are leading boards to take very seriously their responsibility to prevent misconduct and ensure a safe workplace. Commenters suggest that while more diverse boards are one step in the right direction, seating women and people of color on boards, alone, cannot combat entrenched cultural issues. Instead, experts suggest a 5-step approach boards should take to ensure appropriate disincentives for bad behavior are in place. In other news, the CEO of Gap Inc is out after failing to boost profits. Slack builds its board, driving speculation it is preparing for an IPO. And activist investor Nelson Peltz takes his seat on the Proctor & Gamble board.
February 08, 2018
Let this sink in: “We simply expect much more of boards of directors than ever before.” So said incoming Federal Reserve Chairman Jerome Powell in August. This week, Powell and outgoing Fed Chair Janet Yellen underscored that message as the Fed announced it is restricting Wells Fargo from growing its business until it addresses its governance shortcomings. The regulators also unofficially but unambiguously forced out four directors who had been on the bank’s board as its multiple scandals unfolded. Former Treasury Secretary Lawrence Summers jumped right in to ask why the Fed didn’t name names—and made a case for the public shaming of board members who fail in their duty as watchdogs. Others echoed the sentiment, and commentators suggested the action against Wells Fargo’s board should be seen as a warning shot over the bow of all corporate boardrooms, especially banks. Critics took aim, too, at the Wynn Resorts board which some suggest was filled with cronies of CEO Steve Wynn and failed to provide adequate oversight; Wynn stepped down this week amid allegations of sexual harassment. Canadian active wear company Lululemon also lost its CEO to unnamed behavioral issues presumed to concern employee relations. And Sheryl Sandberg’s LeanIn.org finds that the spate of CEO dismissals in the #MeToo era is scaring some men from mentoring women colleagues, even as women contend with a narrower path than men to the C-suite and, as yet another study points out, the boardroom.
September 29, 2017
Clearly, boards today face bigger challenges and more public attention than ever before. Just consider a few items from this week's news: At Equifax, the board not only said goodbye to its chairman and CEO Richard Smith and began a search for his replacement, but it is diving into an investigation of the data breach that exposed the personal information of 140 million or more people, as Congress conducts its own investigations. At Facebook, CEO Mark Zuckerberg and his board withdrew a class reclassification proposal in the face of a shareholder lawsuit and a Congressional inquiry into the company’s dissemination of “fake news;” the new classes of stock would have enabled Zuckerberg to maintain control of the social media behemoth while selling his shares. At Procter & Gamble - one of the many companies dealing with activist incursions - the fight to keep Nelson Peltz off the board has led the activist investor to launch a full-on persuasion campaign, with the former CEO and directors of Heinz, as well as shareholder advisory firm Glass Lewis, now pleading Peltz’s case in the media. On a positive note, Salesforce CEO Marc Benioff was recognized for his role in closing the gender pay gap at the company, at a cost of $6 million (and an undoubtedly huge savings in potential lawsuits and PR headaches had he not chosen to do so). In other news, a new report suggests that when sitting CEOs take on outside board appointments, they tend to be handsomely compensated and their own companies tend to perform well—but the companies on whose boards they sit do not always enjoy similar success. All of which would suggest that it's a good time for boards to apply some basic risk management principles to the board itself: Step back and consider whether you have the right people, processes, and priorities in place today to deal with whatever comes your way tomorrow.
September 14, 2017
Another week, another board facing the fall-out of a tech company’s alleged culture of sexual harassment. Times two. Media reports suggest that board members at Social Finance, a fintech startup valued at $4 billion, had been informed about accusations of sexual harassment and also of financial misrepresentations to investors long before CEO Mike Cagney offered to resign on Sunday. The New York Times presented a blunt assessment: “Companies like SoFi show how boards are incentivized to prioritize cash flow and growth over governance, said David F. Larcker, a professor at Stanford University’s Graduate School of Business who specializes in corporate governance.” Apparently a culture of sexism and workplace hostilities led the board to fire LiveOps CEO Keith Leimbach this week, as well. Both cases, which have a striking similarity to the summer's events at Uber, underscore the real costs to a company, its employees, and its investors when a company's culture takes a backseat to its growth. Melinda Gates offered up her opinion on sexism in tech this week, which we might summarize as: It’s good we’re finally talking about it, since that is the first step to changing it—and the place to start that change is with venture capital. Kudos to Gates for not just naming the problem, but working toward a solution! And, now might be a good time to have a look at the latest from the Boardspan Library: “Six Ways to Promote a Healthy Company Culture," which provides a roadmap for boards that want to assess company culture. If it wasn't obvious before, it's certainly crystal clear today that culture is an indicator of value and the board owes it to all constituents to make oversight of the company culture a priority.
August 17, 2017
Politics landed in corporate boardrooms this week, with a thud. On Monday, Merck CEO Kenneth Frazier, after talks with board members, resigned from one of President Trump’s business advisory groups to “take a stand against intolerance and extremism.” The CEOs of Intel and Under Armour soon announced their resignations from the president's council on manufacturing, too, after the president blamed “many sides” for the white supremacist violence in Charlottesville, Virginia. A comment posted Tuesday night on a New York Times article about the resignations caught our eye: “I'd imagine there are plenty of emergency board meetings going on right now with the actors deciding what to do.” It does seem “Ed from Silicon Valley" was on to something: By midday Wednesday, several more CEOs had publicly departed the presidential council, as civil rights activists pressured others. Then the members of Trump’s Strategic and Policy Forum—a separate group of high-profile executives headed by Blackstone Group CEO Steven Schwarzman—disbanded rather than find its members pressured to decide, individually, whether to stand by the president. As commentators remark, the political tensions in the country mark a new challenge for corporate leadership…. Meanwhile, Uber's directors appears to be locked in a battle for control of the company, and are firing off lawsuits, accusatory letters, and, allegedly, attempts to oust fellow directors. Wells Fargo announced that three of its longest tenured directors, including its chairman, will step down—and Betsy Duke will become the first woman board chair of a major bank. Plus, a new study of CEO pay suggests that smart bets on technological innovation tend to pay off handsomely for executives.
June 29, 2017
Another week, another firestorm thanks to a spectacular lack of decent behavior. Silicon Valley venture firm Binary Capital has been asked to exit the boards of several startups after six women came forward to accuse partner Justin Caldbeck (lead investor in GrubHub and TaskRabbit) of making inappropriate sexual advances. Knowing that a female CEO had him removed from her board years ago for unacceptable behavior makes the situation even more troubling. Meanwhile, Uber watchers accuse its board of looking the other way while the company’s leadership engaged in unethical and illegal behaviors: commentators say the board forced out CEO Travis Kalanick not because they cared about the company’s many alleged improprieties but because they worried about their investment value. And the allegations against Uber piled on with court documents claiming the board knew that the company was receiving stolen technology, and other sources reporting that Kalanick’s parting shot was to force Benchmark’s Bill Gurley off the board. Whew, that’s a lot of boardroom drama! To add insult to injury, another disappointing study was just released showing that men still have an easier time than women getting their first board seat. Now might be the time to take a deep breath and focus on how core values in the boardroom affect a company’s profitability, (see our featured article from the Boardspan Library). Executives and board members alike need to recognize that values will always have an impact. Act with integrity – or count on disaster.
March 02, 2017
“Culture starts at the top.” The adage, which applies to management and boards alike, is something the boards of Uber, Wells Fargo, and others are likely grappling with this week. Commentators are prodding Uber’s board to probe into allegations that the car-service company has fostered a culture of sexual harassment and to consider whether CEO Travis Kalanick, who was recently caught on video disparaging an Uber driver, is the right man to lead the $69 billion company. Wells Fargo’s board meanwhile slashed bonuses for the whole executive team to “reinforce accountability of the company's leadership” following last year’s sales scandal, in which more than 2 million fake accounts were created by employees trying to reach mandated quotas. Certainly allegations of widespread unethical and/or illegal behavior should prompt a board to hold executives accountable and to press for meaningful cultural change. Even better would be for boards to take a proactive stance regarding culture and accountability—and avoid the scandals all together! Some basic suggestions to help any board get in front of these issues: Commit to transparency; pursue rumors or complaints until the board is satisfied it knows the truth; refresh directors frequently enough to avoid cronyism and complacency; and regularly undertake assessments of both CEO and board. It wouldn't hurt to meditate on that old adage, either, and assure yourself that the board is setting the tone you want others to follow.

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